The 2015 drama ‘By The Sea’ was the most disastrous
directorial venture of Angelina Jolie. Compared with this marriage-in-crisis
movie, Ms. Jolie’s previous two renderings of true historical catastrophes – In
the Land of Blood and Honey (2011) & Unbroken (2014) -- seemed like a monumental
work. Angelina Jolie had long been termed as the ‘wild girl’ of Hollywood with the harsh spotlight of sex and drugs hanging above her. Despite truly earning the
position of top celebrity do-gooder (a special envoy to the UN, spent more than
a decade campaigning for the rights of refugees and went on
awareness-raising trips to dangerous war zones like Syria, Myanmar, Iraq, etc),
Hollywood often scrutinizes her flaws to step-up the hate-meter. Ms. Jolie
has proven how largely different she is from the privileged brats or alleged do-gooders of Hollywood
who are destitute of goodwill or genuine altruism. Without undermining Jolie’s
truly subversive and genuinely humane side, however, one must also acknowledge
the emotionally cold or distant nature of her directorial techniques. Her
fragmented artistic strategies conjure fine visuals and extract reasonably good
performances, but are also undeniably cliched and emotionally unsatisfying. Taking
into account such conceptual and narrative missteps, Angelina Jolie’s latest
directorial undertaking First They Killed My Father (2017) could broadly be
deemed as her best work so far. She makes odd blunders and there are the usual
questions about the ethics of aestheticizing genocide terror, but for the most
part Jolie delivers the powerful true story with incredible restraint and
moving emotional quotient.
First They Killed My Father: A Daughter of Cambodia
Remembers was a non-fiction book (published in 2000) written by Cambodian author Loug Ung, a
childhood survivor of Khmer Rouge’s terror reign which killed at least three
million Cambodians. Loung’s poignant memoir starts from the days her siblings
danced to rock music in Phenom Penh and gradually delves into the vortex of Pol
Pot’s monstrous ideology which forced the 7 year old to become a child soldier.
The heart of the film is Loung the child’s gaze. And director Jolie never
forgets it as she clings to the devastating and fixed stare of her
young protagonist. Angelina Jolie’s collaboration with Loung Ung in shaping the
script and the inclusion of acclaimed documentarian Rity Panh (S-21, The
Missing Picture) as a producer (Jolie’s adopted Cambodian son Maddox is listed
as executive producer) makes sure that the autobiographical tale stays as a
profound mood piece, braided with messages of warning and hope. Subsequently, the film is a
well-focused and intimate vision of Khmer Rouge’s dehumanizing agendas.
Angelina Jolie somewhat eschews cultural appropriation and
took the rightful decision to use local actors speaking Khmer language. Of
course, her aesthetic approach is torn between paying tribute to Ung’s
resilience and donning the role of a reporter examining the human costs of
Khmer Rouge. She succeeds better in showcasing Ung’s survival than iterate the
affecting details of Pol Pot’s legacy of terror. First They Killed My Father
begins with Oliver Stone style montage with stock footage of Nixon sanitizing
American policy on Cambodia juxtaposed with blitzkrieg unleashed on Cambodian
civilians. Caught in the crossfires of American-Vietnam conflict (in early
1970s), some Cambodians believed in the deliverance promised by a radical
communist movement. The historical video footage of Nixon’s ‘This is not an
invasion of Cambodia’ speech insists how the violence that spilled into
Cambodia’s borders indirectly led to the murderous regime between 1975 and 1979.
In the spring of 1975, Five year old Loung Ung (Sareum Srey Moch), her six siblings (three brothers and three sisters), government official
father and housewife mother lead a fairly peaceful life in busy capital Phnom
Penh. That is until the Khmer Rouge rebels sweep into the capital, and runs out
the city’s entire population into the jungles. Ung has the universal
qualities of a child who has grown up in warm-hearted family: curiosity,
empathy, fear, and confusion over inhumaneness and death. Actor Phoeung Kompheak turns in a brilliant graceful performance as the titular father, who
does his best to quell the children’s concerns. His eyes stay tender and
reflect unbridled love despite the radical shift to dictatorial terror. Furthermore,
it’s a good decision to not have included a voice-over or elaborate opening
titles to explain the political details. Jolie & Ung decides to keep
viewers in the state of bewilderment similar to that of their child protagonist. Jolie and cinematographer
Anthony Dod Mantle’s creative flourishes frames the initial march away from the
city through aerial shots, hinting at how Khmer Rouge saw the swarm of people
as the disposable tools to achieve its agrarian utopia.
In order to evade execution for being loyal to the previous
regime, Ung’s Pa passes himself as a worker and often warns his children to not
reveal their true identities. After reaching the disparate labor camps, the
family builds their straw and bamboo house. Khmer Rouge starts from the usual
communist ideology of abandoning private assets but further ramps up its
oppressive mood by mandating that everyone should wear clothes the same shade
of black. Everyone, including the children, is forced to work in the fields,
emotions are considered a weakness, and the idea of private space is
non-existent. Despite harvesting bumper crops, the families are given the same
quota of gruel. Loung Ung who doesn’t understand this relentless torture on
farmlands often ponders in her head-space, conjuring vivid dreams about feasting
from a smorgasbord. The more disorienting and harsh the child’s life becomes,
the more fanciful the dream imagery becomes. After the act that’s hinted on the
movie's title happens, Loung Ung and her sibling get separated from Ma. Loung is
recruited as a child soldier. She learns to plant land mines and fire automatic
weapons to massacre the Vietnamese ‘cockroaches’.
Director Jolie’s predominant aesthetic flair includes
steadily moving point-of-view shots or over-the-shoulder shots, crisply
capturing Ung’s disbelief on what’s unfolding. The narrative structure is
designed around the escalating series of events that disunites the family. But
Jolie’s perspective doesn’t remain exploitative or unnecessarily linger around
for melodrama. The frames of Ung’s shell-shocked stillness serve as vivid form
of contemplating the sadness and helplessness. Mantle’s cinematography (Slumdog
Millionaire, 127 Hours, Antichrist) are expressive and astonishingly beautiful
without being flashy. Although the visuals are par excellence, Jolie at times
employs too much of free-flowing Malick-ian shots to create meditative effect.
These shots of sunlight streaming through densely populated trees, of placid
faces assimilating the horror gets repeated much too often to become
profound emotional force. Nevertheless, there are quite too many commendable
directorial decisions. For example, she doesn’t amp up the misery of Ung’s
predicament by relying on teary eyes or slo-mo shots or orchestral strings. The
inevitable departure of Pa is effectively staged without relying on external
factors of music or dramatized acting. We just see a restrained and assuring smile
from Pa as he walks to meet his fate. There’s assortment of devastating visuals
which includes the shot of Loung and her fellow child soldiers standing in
waist-deep water holding Ak-47s behind the shoulders, while getting battered by
the rain; and the menacing aerial shot of Ung trudging through mine-field.
May be Jolie’s film doesn’t boast the particularity and
intimacy of the befuddled or haunted child’s gaze, witnessed in masterpieces
like Rossellini’s Germany, Year Zero (1948), Rene Clement’s Forbidden Games
(1952), Victor Erice’s The Spirit of Beehive (1973), Guillermo del Toro’s Pans
Labyrinth (2006), etc. But she doesn’t use the desperate situation of a child
for making aesthetically pleasing set-pieces – as done in Cary Fukanaga’s
Beasts of No Nation (2015) which barring such flaws is otherwise a sobering
portrayal of a boy soldier. Perhaps Jolie’s visual grammar is still very limited
(which alternates between close-ups, wide shot & aerial shots and flashes
back to visuals of better days, although the imagery here is far accomplished
than previous efforts) compared to the vision of those cinematic masters. Yet,
this film keeps us devastated and kindles some interest on the next movie project Jolie the director embarks upon..
Trailer
With ‘First They Killed My Father’ (136 minutes), Angelina
Jolie ably channels her inherent altruistic intentions to make a truly
affecting cinema. Barring few muddy narrative turns, the film’s indelible
emotional core deserves a studied view.
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